Up-pulling force analysis for ESC hollow cylindrical casting

Electroslag casting(ESC)is an important method to produce high quality castings.In this study,the ESC up-pulling inner mold method(EUPIM)was used to produce hollow cylindrical castings with the multiple consumable electrodes.The radial deformation,the axial and radial internal stress of the inner mold,and the axial internal stress of the slag shell were analyzed using the finite element method(FEM)with the aid of ANSYS software.The ProCAST software was used to calculate the specific heat,heat conductivity and density curve of Cu.Simulation results show that the radial deformation,the axial and radial internal stress of the inner mold,and the axial internal stress of the slag shell near the slag-metal interface of hollow cylndrical casting gradually increase from 0 s to 360 s after the ESC starting(slagging)process but before applying the up-pulling force.The suitable initial up-pulling moment of the inner mold is at around 180-198 s after the starting process.     

Effect of Pre-cold Rolling-Induced Twins and Subsequent Precipitated x-Phase on Mechanical Properties in a β-Type Ti–Mo Alloy

This paper reported an effectiveness of pre-cold rolling-induced{332}\113[twins combined with subsequent isothermal x-phase formation for enhancement of uniform elongation in a b-type Ti–15Mo alloy with high yield strength level.Mechanical{332}\113[twins were induced by cold rolling with an thickness reduction of 5%,which had little effect on x-phase precipitation after aging at 573 K for 3.6 ks.Twinning after the cold rolling was further activated during tensile deformation,even with the presence of isothermal x-phase.This combination of twins and x-phase enhanced uniform elongation from 0 to 9%at yield strength level of 890 MPa.The high yield strength was mainly dominated by dislocation slip due to the isothermal x-phase formation,and early onset of plastic instability after yielding was hindered due to the pre-cold rolling-induced twins.Dynamic microstructural refinement was induced by further twinning activation during deformation,which resulted in high work hardening rate corresponding enhancement of uniform elongation.     

Effects of stray AC on corrosion of 3-layer polyethylene coated X70 pipeline steel and cathodic delamination of coating with defects in 3.5 wt-% NaCl solution

In this work, the effects of stray alternating current (AC) on the corrosion of coated X70 pipeline steel and the delamination of 3-layer polyethylene (3PE) coatings with defects were investigated using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and three-dimensional (3D) digital microscope techniques. The results showed that under the same level of AC interference, pits with deeper maximum pit depth were observed at the smaller defect areas than those at larger defect areas. It was consistent with the simulation results that a greater corrosion current density was accompanied on samples with smaller defects. According to 3D digital images, the larger delamination of 3PE coatings was found on samples with smaller defects. With the increase of current density, the impedance of samples with small defects decreased, while that of samples with large defects increased. Additionally, with the same defect size, the maximum pit depth became deeper and the corrosion was more severe.     

Contrastive analysis of cooling performance between a high-level water collecting cooling tower and a typical cooling tower

A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model is established and validated for cooling performance optimization between a high-level water collecting natural draft wet cooling tower (HNDWCT) and a usual natural draft wet cooling tower (UNDWCT) under the actual operation condition at Wanzhou power plant, Chongqing, China. User defined functions (UDFs) of source terms are composed and loaded into the spray, fill and rain zones. Considering the conditions of impact on three kinds of corrugated fills (Double-oblique wave, Two-way wave and S wave) and four kinds of fill height (1.25 m, 1.5 m, 1.75 m and 2 m), numerical simulation of cooling performance are analysed. The results demonstrate that the S wave has the highest cooling efficiency in three fills for both towers, indicating that fill characteristics are crucial to cooling performance. Moreover, the cooling performance of the HNDWCT is far superior to that of the UNDWCT with fill height increases of 1.75 m and above, because the air mass flow rate in the fill zone of the HNDWCT improves more than that in the UNDWCT, as a result of the rain zone resistance declining sharply for the HNDWCT. In addition, the mass and heat transfer capacity of the HNDWCT is better in the tower centre zone than in the outer zone near the tower wall under a uniform fill layout. This behaviour is inverted for the UNDWCT, perhaps because the high-level collection devices play the role of flow guiding in the inner zone. Therefore, when non-uniform fill layout optimization is applied to the HNDWCT, the inner zone increases in height from 1.75 m to 2 m, the outer zone reduces in height from 1.75 m to 1.5 m, and the outlet water temperature declines approximately 0.4 K compared to that of the uniform layout.     

多层圆片级堆叠THz硅微波导结构的制作

基于微电子机械系统(MEMS)工艺,提出一种多层圆片堆叠的THz硅微波导结构及其制作方法。为了验证该结构在制作THz无源器件中的优势,基于6层圆片堆叠的硅微波导结构,设计了一种中心频率365 GHz、带宽80 GHz的功率分配/合成结构,并对其进行了仿真。研究了制作该结构的工艺流程,攻克了工艺过程中的关键技术,包括硅深槽刻蚀技术和多层热压键合技术,并给出了工艺结果。最终实现了多层圆片堆叠功率分配/合成结构的工艺制作和测试。测试结果表明,尽管样品的插入损耗较仿真值增加3 dB左右,考虑到加工误差和夹具损耗等情况,样品主要技术指标与设计值较为一致。     

API X52管线钢与Corus RQT 701超高强钢的焊接工艺

针对超高强钢在机械行业的广泛使用,焊接接头易出现淬硬脆化、裂纹等缺陷的情况,采用焊条电弧焊(SMAW)和药芯气体保护焊(FCAW-GS)组合的焊接方法,对API X52管线钢与Corus RQT 701超高强钢的焊接进行了工艺试验,并进行常规力学性能试验。结果表明,通过合理匹配焊接工艺参数,严格控制低热输入量及层间温度,实现了小熔合比的异种钢焊接,且焊接接头具有良好的力学性能,达到了标准和规格书的要求;异种高强钢焊接,采用SMAW打底焊接和FCAWGS填充并盖面的方法,焊接效率较单纯采用焊条电弧焊工艺提高2倍以上。     

Collective reflection strategy for moderating conformity tendency and promoting reflective judgment performance

Reflective judgement is crucial for medical-related practitioners in dealing with controversial issues. However, the conformity phenomenon is likely to occur and interfere with reflective judgement learning during interactive activities. Effective strategies are required to moderate the conformity behaviour tendency (CBT) and improve reflective judgement performance (RJP). This study demonstrates two significant results: (a) Compared with the guided self-reflection learning strategy, the online collective reflection (OCR) learning strategy effectively weakened the learners' general CBT while dealing with professional controversial issues; and (b) a significantly negative correlation between the RJP achieved and the change of CBT in online environment was detected in the OCR group. The implications and potential applications in higher education were discussed. Further studies are needed to confirm the long-term effects and the extending application to other professional studies.     

超高强7055铝合金铸锭均匀化工艺优化

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、差热分析及透射电镜等手段,对一种航空用超高强7055铝合金大尺寸铸锭的均匀化工艺进行分析与优化。提出分级提高均匀化温度的方法,在确保不发生过烧的情况下,最大限度改善铸锭质量。结果显示:低温预均匀化时,铸锭中析出大量的Al₃Zr相,能够大幅度降低对后续挤压变形的再结晶比例;对铸锭采用400 ℃×4 h+465 ℃×16 h+474 ℃×8 h的分级均匀化处理工艺,能够显著消除铸锭中低熔点相的含量,提高铸锭质量,同时相比于原工艺节省约13 h。新的均匀化处理工艺,不仅提高了生产效率,还能够为后续工艺提供良好的铸锭。